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#### XKCD, Carnot Cycle - Security Boulevard

via the comic delivery system monikered Randall Munroe at XKCD! *** This is a Security Bloggers Network syndicated blog from Infosecurity.US authored by Marc Handelman. Read the original post at: https://www.infosecurity.us/blog/2018/10/26/xkcd-carnot- ...

#### The new thermodynamics: how quantum physics is bending the rules - Nature.com

Clausius deduced it from the assumption that any cycle can be disintegrated into small Carnot cycles, and nowadays this deduction remains the only justification of "Entropy is a state function": "Carnot Cycles: S is a State Function. Any reversible ...

#### The refrigerant is also the pump - Science Magazine

However, there are other cooling cycles used to suit different applications. An Ericsson cycle (see the figure, right panel) exploits a regenerative process and hence can produce a temperature lift much larger than that achievable in the Carnot cooler ...

#### Princeton Optronics' Laser Ignition Could Boost ICE's Efficiency by 27% - The Truth About Cars

μC = efficiency of the Carnot cycle. Ti = temperature at the engine inlet (K). To = temperature at engine exhaust (K). The wider the range of temperature, the more efficient becomes the cycle. The lowest temperature is limited by the temperature of the ...

#### Constrained work output of the moist atmospheric heat engine in a warming climate - Science Careers Blog

We show that the work output is always less than that of an equivalent Carnot cycle and that it is constrained by the power necessary to maintain the hydrological cycle. In the climate simulation, the hydrological cycle increases more rapidly than the ...

#### Heat Direct to Electric Energy - A Moonshot Project - ENGINEERING.com

The JTEC (Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter) engine takes ideas from Carnot cycles, fuel cells and jet engines and adapts them to a new process. JTEC operates on an Ericsson thermodynamic cycle, gaining an efficiency closer to the Carnot cycle.

#### Porsche 919 Hybrid LeMans Racer Goes After The Two Thirds of Gasoline's Energy That's Wasted As Heat - Truth About Cars

The Carnot cycle defines efficiency as the temperature difference between heat source and sink divided by the temp of the heat source. It is not real life, depending on gases acting in a perfect manner and adiabatic and isothermal compression and ...

#### Viewpoint: Revisiting Thermodynamic Efficiency - Physics

Testing the optimal efficiency of these machines has been at the forefront of scientific developments ever since 1824, when Sadi Carnot showed that in a simple engine undergoing a reversible thermodynamic cycle, the ratio between used and wasted heat ...

#### Stirling Engine Made with Soda Cans Spins to 860 RPM (Video) - Treehugger

The Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency (up to 40% in practice, same as the Carnot cycle in theory), quiet operation, and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source. This compatibility with alternative and renewable energy ...

#### A Visit to Chevron's Kern River Heavy Oil Facility - The Oil Drum

To make mechanical work you can't exceed the efficiency of the Carnot cycle which for most materials is limited by the temperature of the sink and the temperature of the source (usually around 33% efficient). If you believe that you can generate power ...

#### Cyclone External Combustion Engines and DARPA Self-Fueling Robots - Next Big Future (blog)

Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle as, when an efficient turbine is used, the TS diagram will begin to resemble the Carnot cycle. The main difference is that a pump is used to pressurize liquid instead of gas. This ...

#### Steam power > Combustion > Jet engines > Advanced Thermoelectric > Carnot limit - Next Big Future (blog)

Some of the ways of getting to higher thermal efficiency are more expensive and less practical. They involve using gases or liquids that are difficult to handle. The internal combustion engine uses the Otto cycle, diesel uses the diesel cycle, jet ...

#### Turning Heat Into Sound Into Electricity 257 - Slashdot

These devices are gas-working-fluid heat engines, with the gas (and the piezo power takeoff) as the only moving part(s). In principle the gas "prime mover" should be able to approach carnot cycle efficiency (which is as good as you CAN get) - and that ...

The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It provides an upper limit on the efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference by the application of work to the system. It is not an actual thermodynamic cycle but is a theoretical construct.

The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It provides an upper limit on the efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference (e.g. refrigeration) by the application of work to the system. It is not an actual thermodynamic cycle but is a theoretical construct.

Every single thermodynamic system exists in a particular state. When a system is taken through a series of different states and finally returned to its initial state, a thermodynamic cycle is said to have occurred. In the process of going through this cycle, the system may perform work on its surroundings, thereby acting as a heat engine. A system undergoing a Carnot cycle is called a Carnot heat engine, although such a "perfect" engine is only a theoretical construct and cannot be built in practice. However, a microscopic Carnot heat engine has been designed and run.

Essentially, there are two systems at temperatures Th and Tc (hot and cold respectively), which are so large that their temperatures are practically unaffected by a single cycle. As such, they are called "heat reservoirs". Since the cycle is reversible, there is no generation of entropy during the cycle; entropy is conserved. During the cycle, an arbitrary amount of entropy ΔS is extracted from the hot reservoir, and deposited in the cold reservoir. Since there is no volume change in either reservoir, they do no work, and during the cycle, an amount of energy ThΔS is extracted from the hot reservoir and a smaller amount of energy TcΔS is deposited in the cold reservoir. The difference in the two energies (Th-TcS is equal to the work done by the engine.

### Carnot cycle and Carnot engine | Thermodynamics | Physics | Khan Academy

Introduction to the Carnot cycle and Carnot heat engine. Created by Sal Khan. Watch the next lesson: ...

### Thermodynamics Carnot Cycle

Credit: Riley Fedechko.

### Carnot Cycle and Heat Engine

Introduction to Carnot cycle and Carnot Heat engine. Visual animations of Gas cylinder and a Fuel engine - to help understand the process and its practical ...

### Second Law Thermodynamics - Carnot Cycle

Second Law Thermodynamics - Carnot Cycle Watch more videos at https://www.tutorialspoint.com/videotutorials/index.htm Lecture By: Er. Himanshu Vasishta, ...

### Carnot cycle-Thermodynamics

THERMODYNAMICS Carnot Cycle.

### Carnot Cycle & Heat Engines, Maximum Efficiency, & Energy Flow Diagrams Thermodynamics & Physics

This thermodynamics / physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the carnot cycle and carnot heat engines. It explains how to calculate the ...